Friday, February 22, 2013

Introduction to Probability and Statistics

Introduction for Probability:

Introduction for Probability is the possibility that rather will happen - how to be expected it is that some event will happen. Now and again you can measure a probability with a number: "10% chance of rain", or you know how to use words such as impossible, unlikely, and possible, even chance, likely and certain. when a coin is tossed there is a probability of getting head and tail possible outcomes for an experiment occur is sample space.

Example: "our team may won match today"

Here is a probability formula:

`P(A) = (The Number Of Ways Event A Can Occur)/(The Total Number of possibLe outcomes)`

Introduction to Statistics:

Statistics is the branch which is applied by mathematics, which deals with the scientific analysis of data. The word ‘Statistics’ is derived from Latin word ‘Status’ which means ‘political state’. In statistics introduction datas are in two types which are primary and secondary datas. Sometimes an investigator uses the primary data of another investigator collected for a different purpose. Such data are called statistics secondary data.

From the data we have learnt to calculate the measures of the central tendency like mean, median and mode. These central measures do not give us all the details about the distribution.Further descriptions of the data called measures of dispersion are necessary. According to A.L. Bowley, “Dispersion is the measure of the variation of the individual item”. That is the dispersion is used to indicate the extent to which the data is spread.

Statistics properties:

Statistics deals with three properties, which are  Mean, Median , Mode

Examples:
A cancer patient wants to identify the probability that he will survive for at least 5 years. By collecting data on survival rates of people in a similar situation, it is possible to obtain an empirical estimate of survival rates. We cannot know whether or not the patient will survive, or even know exactly what the probability of survival is. However, we can estimate the proportion of patients who survive from data.

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