Thursday, February 28, 2013

Dividing Integers Solving Online

The natural number and negative numbers together with zero are called integers. The natural numbers are 1, 2, 3, 4….., the whole numbers are 0, 1, 2, 3… and the negative numbers are -1,-2,-3…. Therefore the set of integer can be -4,-3,-2,0,1,4,6……….. Here we have to learn about how to solve and divide the integers in online and its operations.

dividing integers solving online

Solving methods dividing integers online:


The operation of dividing integers in an online performed by four different ways, they are following,

Positive integer divided by positive integer = positive integer.
Negative integer divided by negative integer = positive integer.
Positive integer divided by negative integer = negative integer.
Negative integer divided by positive integer = negative integer.

Problems of Dividing Integers Solving Online :


Online example: 1

To solve the following integer 8/4

Solution:

Here the both numerator and denominator are positive.

So, = 8 / 4

=2

So the result is positive =+2

Example: 2

To solve following 66/9

Sol: Here also both numerator and denominator are positive so the answer will be positive

=divide both numerator and denominator by 3

=22/3

Answer is = +22/3

Example: 3

To the following, -12 divide by -6

Solution:

Given both integers are negative so the answer will be positive

Both numerator and denominator by -6

=2

Answer is positive =+2

Example: 4

To solve the following -76 divide by -4

Solution:

Both numerator and denominator are negative so the result is positive

Divide -4 by numerator and denominator

= 19

Answer is positive = +19

Example: 5

To solve the following integers

25 divide by -5

Solution:

Here the numerator is positive and denominator is negative so the answer will be negative

Divide both numerator and denominator by 5

=-5

The answer is negative = -5

Example: 6

Divide the following,-81 divide by 9

Solution:

Here the numerator is negative and denominator is positive so the answer will be negative

= divide both numerator and denominator by 9

= -9

The answer is negative = -9

Example: 7

-121 divide by 11

Solution:

Here numerator is negative and denominator is positive

= divide by 11

= -11

The answer is negative =-11

So in these solving and dividing integers online if any one that is numerator or denominator will be negative means the answer will be negative.

Similarly both are positive are negative the answer will be positive.

Wednesday, February 27, 2013

Geometric Distributions

Introduction:

Let we will discuss about the geometric distributions. The geometric distributions should be either of two discrete probability distributions in statistics and probability theory. The probability allocation of number X of Bernoulli trials desired to obtain one success, beard on the set { 1, 2, 3, ...}. The probability allocation of number Y = X − 1 of failures previous to the first success, maintained on the set { 0, 1, 2, 3, ... }  


More about geometric distributions:


  • The two distinct geometric distributions does not mystified with each other.
  • Most commonly, name shifted geometric allocation is accepted for the former one.
  • But, to keep away from ambiguity, it is measured wise to point out which is planned, by mentioning the range explicitly.
  • If the probability of success on every check should be p, then the probability that kth check is the first success is,
\Pr(X = k) = (1 - p)^{k-1}\,p\,

Where, k = 1, 2, 3, ....
  • Consistently, if the probability of success on each check is p, then the probability that there are k failures before the first success is
\Pr(Y=k) = (1 - p)^k\,p\,
Where, k = 0, 1, 2, 3, ....

  • In both case, the series of probabilities is a geometric series.

Example:

Assume a normal die is thrown frequently until the first time a "1" appears. The probability allocation of the number of times it is thrown is holded on the endless set { 1, 2, 3, ... }. They should have a geometric allocation with p = 1/6.

Moments and cumulants:
  • The predictable value of a geometrically allocated random variable X is 1/p , variance is (1 − p)/p2
\mathrm{E}(X) = \frac{1}{p},  \qquad\mathrm{var}(X) = \frac{1-p}{p^2}.

  • Likewise, the expected value of the geometrically dispersed random variable Y is (1 − p)/p, and its variance is (1 − p)/p2
\mathrm{E}(Y) = \frac{1-p}{p},  \qquad\mathrm{var}(Y) = \frac{1-p}{p^2}.
  • Let μ = (1 − p)/p be the expected value of Y and then the cumulants κn of the probability distributions of Y satisfy the recursion
\kappa_{n+1} = \mu(\mu+1) \frac{d\kappa_n}{d\mu}.

Outline of proof:

That the expected value is (1 − p)/p can be shown in the following way. Let Y be as above. Then

\begin{align} \mathrm{E}(Y) & {} =\sum_{k=0}^\infty (1-p)^k p\cdot k \\ & {} =p\sum_{k=0}^\infty(1-p)^k k \\ & {} = p\left[\frac{d}{dp}\left(-\sum_{k=0}^\infty (1-p)^k\right)\right](1-p) \\ & {} =-p(1-p)\frac{d}{dp}\frac{1}{p}=\frac{1-p}{p}. \end{align}

Tuesday, February 26, 2013

Percentage Change Calculator

A percentage change is a way to express a change in a variable. It represents the relative change between the old value and the new one.

The formula used to calculate the percentage change is

Percentage change = `((V2 - V1) / (V1)) * 100` .

V1- represents the old value

V2 - the new one.                                                              Source: - Wikipedia



some percentages as fractions:

a.       `5%=5/100=1/20` .

b.      `10%=10/100=1/10` .

c.      `25%=25/100=1/4` .

d.     `75%=75/100=3/4` .

e.      `125%=125/100=5/4` .

f.        `175%=175/100=7/4` .

g.       `(3 1/8)%=25/800=1/32` .

h.    ` (6 1/4)%=25/400=1/16` .

i.        `(8 1/3)%=25/300=1/12` .

j.        `(16 2/3)%=50/300=1/6` .

k.       `(66 2/3)%=200/300=2/3` .

l.        `(87 1/2)%=175/200=7/8` .

Calculation of Percentage:


Calculation of percentage:

The percent symbol can be treated as being equivalent to the pure number constant `1/100=0.01,`  while performing calculations with percentage.

If a number is first changed by`P% ` and then changed by `Q%` , then the net change in the number `=[P+Q+((PQ)/100)]` . Remember that any decreasing value in the formula should be taken as ‘negative’ and increasing value should be taken as ‘positive’.

Similarly, if A’s salary is `P%`  less than B’s salary, then the percentage by which B’s salary is more than A’s salary is`(100P)/(100-P)` .

If expenditure also, then percentage change in expenditure or revenue`=[P+Q+((PQ)/100)]` . Where ‘P’ is the percentage change in price and ‘Q’ is the percentage change in consumption.


Percentage change calculator - Example problems:


Percentage change calculator - Problem 1:-

Ram scored 86 runs in the cricket match on  Monday.  On Friday he scored 95 runs.  Calculate the Percentage of change?

Solution:-

Given

V2 = new value = 95 runs.

V1 = old value = 86 runs.

Percentage of change =  ?.

The formula used to calculate the percentage change is

Percentage change = `((V2 - V1) / (V1)) * 100` .

By plugging in the given values in to the formula we get

Percentage change  =` (95 - 86) / (86) * 100` .

The difference between  95 and 86 is  9.

By plugging in it to the formula we get the answer as

=`9 / 86` * 100.

The fraction 9/ 86 gives us 0.1046.

=0.1046 * 100

=10.46

The percentage of change is 10.46.

Percentage change calculator - Problem 2:-

Mary bought 40 Compact disks last month.  He bought only 30 this year.  Calculate is the percent of change.

Solution:-

Given :-

Here,

V2 = new value =  35 Compact disks

V1 = old value = 40 Compact disks

Percentage of change =?

The formula used to calculate the percentage change is

Percentage change = `((V2 - V1) / (V1)) * 100` .

V2 = new value.

V1 = old value

By plugging in the given values in to the formula we get

Percentage change =  `(35 -40) / (40)` * 100.

The difference between 35 and 40 is 5

By plugging in the given values in to the formula we get,
33333
= `5 / 40` * 100

The fraction 8/ 40 gives us  1/5.

`= 1/ 5 ` * 100.

= 20%

The percentage of change is 20 %


Percentage change calculator - Practice Problem:


Ex1 : John scored 16 runs in the cricket match on  Monday.  On Friday he scored 32 runs.  Calculate the Percentage of change?

Answer:-

The percentage of change is 50%

Ex2 : Calculate `40%`  of `625` .

Sol: `40% ` of a number `=2/5`  of the number `=2/5`  of `625=(2/5)(625)=250` .

Monday, February 25, 2013

Temperature Conversion

In this page we are going to discuss about temperature Conversion concept . Measurement is one of the important terms in day to day life. Temperature is usually measured in terms of Fahrenheit and Celsius. Temperature of is generally in terms of these two names.

Fahrenheit:

The degree Fahrenheit is usually represented as (F). Fahrenheit is names after the German scientist Gabriel Fahrenheit, who invented the Fahrenheit measurement. The zero degree in the Fahrenheit scale represents the lowest temperature recording.

Celsius:

The degree Celsius is usually represented as (C). Celsius is names after the Swedish astronomer Ander Celsius, who proposed the Celsius first. In Celsius temperature scale, water freezing point is given as 0 degrees and the boiling point of water is 100 degrees at standard atmospheric pressure.

Formula for Fahrenheit and Celsius Conversion


Fahrenheit to Celsius Conversion Formula:

The formula for converting Fahrenheit to Celsius conversion is given as,

Tc = (5/9)*(Tf-32)

Where,

Tc = temperature in degrees Celsius,

Tf = temperature in degrees



Celsius to Fahrenheit Conversion Formula:

The formula for converting Celsius to Fahrenheit conversion is given as,

Tf = (9/5)*Tc+32

Where,

Tc = temperature in degrees Celsius,

Tf = temperature in degrees Fahrenheit.


Examples on temperature Conversion

Below are the examples on fahrenheit to celsius conversion problems :

Example 1 : Convert 68 degree Fahrenheit to degree Celsius.

Solution:


The formula for converting Fahrenheit to Celsius conversion is,

Tc= (5/9)*(Tf-32)

Tc= 68

Tc= (5/9) * (68 – 32)

Tc= (5/9) * 36

Dividing 36 by 9, we get 4,

Tc= 5 * 4

Tc= 20 degree.

The answer is 20 degree Celsius

Example 2 :Convert 132 degree Fahrenheit to degree Celsius.

Solution:


The formula for converting Fahrenheit to Celsius conversion is,

Tc= (5/9)*(Tf-32)

Tf = 132

Tc= (5/9) * (132 – 32)

Tc= (5/9) * 100

Dividing 100 by 9, we get 11.11,

Tc= 5 * 11.11

Tc= 55.11 degree.

The answer is 55.11 degree Celsius.



Now see the Celsius to Fahrenheit conversion problems:

Example 1 :  Convert 50 degree Celsius to degree Fahrenheit.

Solution:


The formula for converting Celsius to Fahrenheit is given as,

Tf= (9/5)*Tc+32

Tf= (9/5) * 50 + 32

Tf= 9 * 10 + 32

Multiplying 9 and 10 we get 90,

Tf= 90 + 32

Tf= 122 degree Fahrenheit

The answer is 122 degree Fahrenheit.


Example 2 :  Convert 42 degree Celsius to degree Fahrenheit.

Solution:


The formula for converting Celsius to Fahrenheit is given as,

Tf= (9/5)*Tc+32

Tf= (9/5) * 42 + 32

Tf= 9 * 8.4 + 32

Multiplying 9 and 8.4 we get 75.6,

Tf= 75.6 + 32

Tf= 107.6 degree Fahrenheit.

The answer is 107.6 degree Fahrenheit.

Friday, February 22, 2013

Introduction to Probability and Statistics

Introduction for Probability:

Introduction for Probability is the possibility that rather will happen - how to be expected it is that some event will happen. Now and again you can measure a probability with a number: "10% chance of rain", or you know how to use words such as impossible, unlikely, and possible, even chance, likely and certain. when a coin is tossed there is a probability of getting head and tail possible outcomes for an experiment occur is sample space.

Example: "our team may won match today"

Here is a probability formula:

`P(A) = (The Number Of Ways Event A Can Occur)/(The Total Number of possibLe outcomes)`

Introduction to Statistics:

Statistics is the branch which is applied by mathematics, which deals with the scientific analysis of data. The word ‘Statistics’ is derived from Latin word ‘Status’ which means ‘political state’. In statistics introduction datas are in two types which are primary and secondary datas. Sometimes an investigator uses the primary data of another investigator collected for a different purpose. Such data are called statistics secondary data.

From the data we have learnt to calculate the measures of the central tendency like mean, median and mode. These central measures do not give us all the details about the distribution.Further descriptions of the data called measures of dispersion are necessary. According to A.L. Bowley, “Dispersion is the measure of the variation of the individual item”. That is the dispersion is used to indicate the extent to which the data is spread.

Statistics properties:

Statistics deals with three properties, which are  Mean, Median , Mode

Examples:
A cancer patient wants to identify the probability that he will survive for at least 5 years. By collecting data on survival rates of people in a similar situation, it is possible to obtain an empirical estimate of survival rates. We cannot know whether or not the patient will survive, or even know exactly what the probability of survival is. However, we can estimate the proportion of patients who survive from data.

Thursday, February 21, 2013

Common Pythagorean Triples


Introduction to Pythagoras online study:

The Pythagoras Theorem is a statement relating the lengths of the sides of any right triangle.

 The theorem states that:

For any right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse
is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.

Mathematically, this is written:

c^2 = a^2 + b^2

We define the side of the triangle opposite from the right angle to be the hypotenuse, c. It is the longest side of the three sides of the right triangle. The other two sides are labelled as a and b.

pythagoras theorem



Pythagoras generalized the result to any right triangle. There are many different algebraic and geometric proofs of the theorem. Most of these begin with a construction of squares on a sketch of a basic right triangle. We show squares drawn on the three sides of the triangle. For a square with a side equal to a, the area is given by:

A = a * a = a2

So the Pythagorean theorem states the area c2 of the square drawn on the hypotenuse is equal to the area a2 of the square drawn on side a plus the area b2 of the square drawn on side b.

pythagoras online study-Pythagorean triplets


A knowledge of Pythagorean triplets will also help the student in working the problems at a faster pace.

 The study of these Pythagorean triples began long before the time of Pythagoras.

There are Babylonian tablets that contain lists of such triples, including quite large ones.

There are many Pythagorean triangles all of whose sides are natural numbers. The most famous has sides 3, 4,

and 5. Here are the first few examples:

32 + 42 = 52;

52 + 122 = 132;

82 + 152 = 172;

282 + 452 = 532

There are infinitely many Pythagorean triples,that is triples of natural numbers (a; b; c) satisfying the equation a2 + b2 = c2.

If we take a Pythagorean triple (a; b; c),and multiply it by some other number d, then we obtain a new Pythagorean triple

(da; db; dc). This is true because,

(da)2 + (db)2 = d2(a2 + b2) = d2c2 = (dc)2 :

Clearly these new Pythagorean triples are not very interesting. So we will concentrate our attention on triples with no common factors.They are primitive Pythagorean triples

A primitive Pythagorean triple (or PPT for short) is a triple of numbers

(a; b; c) so that a, b, and c have no common factors1 and satisfy

a2 + b2 = c2:

There are 16 primitive Pythagorean triples with c ≤ 100:

( 3 , 4 , 5 )

( 5, 12, 13)

( 7, 24, 25)

( 8, 15, 17)

( 9, 40, 41

(11, 60, 61)

(12, 35, 37)

(13, 84, 85)

(16, 63, 65)

(20, 21, 29)

(28, 45, 53)

(33, 56, 65)

(36, 77, 85)

(39, 80, 89)

(48, 55, 73)

(65, 72, 97)

 One interesting observation in a primitive  Pythagoras triple is  either a or b must be a multiple of 3.


pythagoras online study-Solved examples


The Pythagorean Theorem must work in any 90 degree triangle. This means that if you know two of the sides, you can always find the third one.

 pythagoras solution1



In the right triangle, we know that:

c^2 = 6^2 + 8^2

Simplifying the squares gives:

                                                   c2= 36 + 64

                                                  c2 = 100    

                                                   c = 10       

                                      (taking the square root of 100)



In this example, the missing side is not the long one. But the theorem still works, as long as you start with the hypotenuse:

pythagoras solution2

                                                15^2 = a^2 + 9^2

Simplifying the squares gives:

                                                225 = a2 + 81

                                         225 - 81 = a2                 

                                                144 = a2        

                                                  12 = a  

                                                  a   = 12

                              (Notice that we had to rearrange the equation)

Wednesday, February 20, 2013

Learn Intercept Formula

Learn Intercept formula is nothing but slope intercept formula. Before going to learn intercept formula we need to know why it is called so.

It is called slope intercept form because the equation includes slope and the y-intercept. So now we know the reason why it is called slope intercept form. Now coming to actual concept.....

The general form of slope intercept form is:

y= mx^+b

Where m--> slope of the line.

b --> y-intercept.

y --> y-coordinate.

x -->x-coordinate.

Formula - learn intercept formula


Slope intercept form is the simplest of all forms as we just need to plug in the values of slope(m) and y-intercept(b).

Now how are we going to get the slope??. In problems the slope might be mentioned directly or two points through which the line passes might be given. When the second case occurs slope can be find out using formula
slope(m)= (change in x)/(change in y)

Now let us consider that two points are (x1,y1) and (x2,y2)  then slope is given by

m=(y2-y1)/(x2-x1)

We have learnt how to find slope in the slope intercept form. now the next one to be calculated is y-intercept(b).
For this we need to plug the point through which the line passes.

This point will be mentioned in the question. If slope is m and the point is (p,q) then

plugging these values in slope intercept form we get

q= m*p+b

==> b= q-mp.

Now we have slope and y-intercept substituting these values we get slope intercept form.

I think to learn intercept form is very easy  and... cool

Examples on learn intercept formula


Ex1:  What is slope intercept form of line having slope 2 and y-intercept 3?
Sol1:

Given slope (m)=2, and y-intercept (b)=3

Plug these values in slope intercept form y=mx+b

Then        y= 2*x+3

y=2x+3.

So slope intercept form of a line having slope 2 and y-intercept 3 is

y=2x+3

Ex2:  What is slope intercept form of line passing through the point (2, 3) and having a slope of 4.
Sol 2:

Here we have slope = 4 and y-intercept is not mentioned but the point through which line passes is given.

Plug m=4 and (x,y)= (2,3) in the slope intercept form y=mx+b.

Then we get

3=4*2+b.

==>b+8 =3

==>  b=3-8=-5

So y-intercept is b=-5 and we have slope as m=4.

Plugging these in slope intercept form we get

y= 4x -5.

Ex3:  Express the equation 3x+4y+5=0 in slope intercept form.
Sol 3:

The given equation is 3x+4y+5=0.

In order to convert it in to slope intercept form bring y terms on one side and the remaining terms to other side.

For this subtract with 3x and 5 on both sides

3x+4y+5-3x-5=-3x -5

By doing this 3x and 5 get cancelled and the equation becomes

4y= -3x-5

Divide both sides by 4

4y /4 = (-3x-5)/4

y=-(3/4)x  - 5/4

Thus the slope intercept form of 3x+4y+5=0 is y=-(3/4)x  - 5/4